Definition of Simple Subject in Grammar

In traditional grammar, a simple subject is the particular noun  or pronoun that tells who or what a sentence  or clause is about. A simple subject may be a single word (e.g., Christmas is coming), a multi-word proper noun (Santa Claus is coming), or the key noun or pronoun in a complete subject  (The zombies in the basement are coming upstairs). In addition to nouns and pronouns, gerunds and infinitives can sometimes function as simple subjects (e.g., Walking is good for you and To give is better than  to receive). Examples and Observations The fish smells awful.  It cant be eaten.The odor of fish hung thick in the air.(Jack Driscoll, Wanting Only to Be Heard. University of Massachusetts Press, 1995)You have brains in your head.You have feet in your shoes.(Dr. Seuss, Oh, the Places Youll Go! Random House, 1990)A baby has brains, but it doesnt know much.(L. Frank Baum, The Wizard of Oz, 1900)In those tender mornings, the Store was full of laughing, joking, boasting and bragging.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969)Fern pushed a chair out of the way and ran outdoors. The grass was wet and the earth smelled of springtime. Ferns sneakers were sopping.(E.B. White, Charlottes Web. Harper, 1952)The farmer stood unafraid, unleashing his anger on drifters, on those who live hand-to-mouth. Uncle stood quietly, pulling fiercely on his mustaches.(Moa Martinson, My Mother Gets Married, 1936; translated by Margaret S. Lacy. The Feminist Press, 1988)George Washington was the first president of the Unite d States of America. He was a great American general.​  (Joan Heilbroner, Meet George Washington. Random House, 1989)The Brooklyn Bridge was New Yorks first electrified icon, lighting up the sky well before the Great White Way in the 1890s and 1900s. And the span helped spread the word about electrification, not only through direct experience but also in the press.(Richard Haw, Art of the Brooklyn Bridge: A Visual History. Routledge, 2008) Gerunds as Simple Subjects Looked at a certain way, walking is the most ordinary, natural, ubiquitous activity.(Geoff Nicholson, The Lost Art of Walking. Riverhead Books, 2008) Infinitives as Simple Subjects To love is the same as to be mad. This is the case because comparison, measurement, and calculation—the essential attributes of reason—lose both their importance and their meaning in love.(Rusmir Mahmutćehajić, On Love: In the Muslim Tradition. Fordham University Press, 2007) Identifying Simple Subjects The simple subject is the noun or pronoun in the complete subject that tells what the sentence is talking about. The other words in the complete subject modify the simple subject.Examples of Simple Subjects The steep steel ladder has become slippery. [Ladder is the simple subject; the steep steel ladder is the complete subject.]The woman in blue overalls climbs slowly and carefully. [Woman is the simple subject; it is the woman, not the overalls, that is climbing.]Passersby stare at this lonely figure. [In this sentence the simple subject and the complete subject are the same.]  The cab of the crane is still several feet above her. [Cab is the simple subject. The cab is being discussed here; the phrase of the crane is a modifier.]Helen Hansen will soon be ready for the days tasks. [In this sentence the two-word noun Helen Hansen is both the simple subject and the complete subject.] (Peder Jones and Jay Farness, College Writing Skills, 5th ed. Collegiate Press, 2002)

Compare And Contrast Booker T. Dubois - 1296 Words

W.E.B Du Bois and Booker T. Washington were both fighting for the betterment of blacks, but accomplished it differently. W.E.B Du Bois believed in blacks getting a classical education and obtaining equality. While, Booker T. Washington wanted blacks to focus on vocational skills and give up their rights to be a success. W.E.B Du Bois disagreed because he believed that African Americans should not limit themselves to vocational labor but preferred that they educated themselves so they would be recognized as full citizens. They had both similarities and differences when it came to achieving education and equality for blacks. The childhoods of Du Bois and Washington could not be more different. They were born in different time periods which†¦show more content†¦He was finally able to attend school when he was freed and started working for Viola Ruffner, but only for an hour a day during the winter months. Du Bois and Washington had a goal of obtaining education for all blacks, but went about it differently. Washington wanted blacks to accept discrimination just to receive an education for vocational skills. That’s where Washington and Du Bois disagreed. Du Bois wanted to educate blacks so they can gain political and civil rights. Washington expanded his political views and believed that the blacks deserved political rights, but they should not try forcing to get them. Du Bois believed Washington’s idea of blacks becoming submissive for education would only benefit the whites. Before even helping blacks receive an education, Washington made sure he had one of his own. Washington was determined to get an education when he became aware that there was a school for all races in Virginia. Later, He attended Hampton Normal Agricultural Institute by working as a janitor until receiving a scholarship. Washington believed for blacks to obtain economic success they had to be compliant to whites. Washington also believed â€Å"that to get into a school house and study in this way would be about the same as getting into paradise† (Washington 4). This demonstrates his ideas in which education was a major requirement in order to succeed. One of Mr. Washington’s achievements was the â€Å"Atlanta Compromise†; the agreement wasShow MoreRelatedBooker T Dubois Compare And Contrast Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesCompromise vs. Conflict The stark differences between Booker T Washington and W.E.B. DuBois and their approaches to racism Do you believe that slow and steady wins the race, or that when talking about civil rights the sooner the better? Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois were two very influential people who fought for the rights of African Americans in the late 1880’s to early 1900’s. Although both men were fighting for the same thing, their views on how to approach equality and their personalRead MoreCompare And Contrast Web Du Webois And Booker T. Dubois813 Words   |  4 Pagesand Booker T. Washington were both African American leaders of the 20th Century. However, they strongly differed on creating racial justice in the United States. Their difference in philosophies is still found in much of todays discussions about how to end class and racial injustice. DuBois believed that blacks should fight for their rights by being intellectual and starting at the bottom to end up at the peak of the mountain. Strongly reside in the aspect of W.E.B DuBois. W.E.B. DuBois was oneRead MoreWashington and Dubois662 Words   |  3 Pages| 1.4.5  Practice:  Washington and DuBois | Practice Assignment | | | | | U.S. History Sem 2 (S3346986) | Garibalde Nunez | | | Points possible:  30 | Date: ______4/22/16______ | | Your Assignment 1. Charts like this one are a great way to compare and contrast. Use this chart to list the strategies of Booker T. Washington (that he did not share with Du Bois) on one side, the strategies of W. E. B. Du Bois (that he did not share with Washington) on the other, and the strategiesRead MoreThe Movement Of The Negro World1407 Words   |  6 PagesGarvey began traveling to various places to make money, while also discovering the conditions of the African diaspora throughout the world, from Kingston to Costa Rica to London to the United States. In London, Garvey notes of a time in which he read Booker T. Washington’s autobiography. Garvey stated that after reading â€Å"Up from Slavery† that his calling of being a race leader dawned upon him. He asked question where was the black man government, army, country; he could not find them and then â€Å"declaredRead MoreFoundations of Education Study Guide1751 Words   |  8 Pagesstates who had been the first to establish systems of common schools. †¢ Significance of the Kalamazoo Case of 1874? -First case in which local government had legal rights to tax citizens to support secondary education. †¢ Compare the ideas of The Committee of Ten vs. the Commission on the Reorganization of Secondary Education -Cof10: focused on goals outside the curriculum -CRSE: was seen as the instrument through which students would achieve theirRead MoreNot Without Laughter Study Guide9912 Words   |  40 PagesAnalysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources. (c)1998-2002; (c)2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design ® and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under licenseRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pageshe had waited for Jesus and he hadnt come. He felt unworthy of love. Not only had he been abandoned by his parents, but Jesus had not transformed his soul and saved him from sin. Many years later he wrote a poem, Genius Child. In the poem, he compares a child to an eagle that cannot be tamed, with a soul that runs wild. Soon, Langstons mother sent for him to come to Lincoln, Illinois, where he enrolled in eighth grade. Classmates elected him class poet, so he wrote a poem for their graduation

The Hospital Diaries Different Genres Essay - 2229 Words

The Hospital Diaries: Different Genres in the Medical field Narratives are the main way humans communicate with each other. In the process of communicating, we begin to tell a narrative through the way words are combined to create meanings. Through this process, our imagination is created based on the author’s style of narration. We use narratives as a way to understand each other and also connect on an emotional level. Just like other career fields, the medical field begins to tell their stories through narratives. Most importantly in this field of study, doctors are able to establish an ongoing dialogue with their patients which helps them to figure out the issue at hand through the way the narrative is being told, and also the doctor totally manipulates the narrative of the patient. The narrative of medicine allow us to dive into deeper meanings and makes us question our â€Å"Origin and Destinies† (Charon). These narratives communicated through the doctor and the patient might not `necessarily have a resolution depending on the illness diagnosed. That being said, one can look at the medical field as we do a narrative. In the same way we analyze stories, we can analyze the plot structure and codes of particular fields, one of the most valuable being the medical field. The three genres of the narrative of medicine are patient’s stories, physician to physician stories and the physician to patient encounter. They operate differently depending on the perspective in which theShow MoreRelatedFyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821- 1881) is one of the most famous and widely translated Russian900 Words   |  4 PagesFyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821- 1881) is one of the most famous and widely translated Russian writers in the world. He was born in 1821, in Moscow, one of eight children of a staff doctor at the Mariinskii Hospital for the Poor. Dostoevsky was educated first at home, then at the age of 17 he was sent to the Academy for Military Engineers to study engineering. After training as a draft sman, Dostoevsky embarked on the literary career. 1846 saw the publishing of his first book, Poor Folk thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie One Litre Of Tears 1080 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiences spinocerebellar ataxia will lose the ability to walk, talk, and eat. There is no known cause for this disease; therefore, there is no cure for it. As Aya tries to cope with the hardships of the disease, she writes diary entries to show the hardships of her daily life. The diary entries were then published shortly before her death. This disease carried on until the age of 25 and she could no longer persist to stay alive. With that being said, the filming techniques of this movie enhance the rhetoricalRead MoreVampires Are Becoming An Important Figure Of Modern Culture Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pageselse does. 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Another factor that makes writing turns to be a difficult subject is the fact that there are many kinds of texts in English, such as narrative, descriptive, recount, spoof and many more. Each text has different characteristics. There are generic social function, structure and lexicogrammatical features. Usually the student can differentiate each text from another and they mix all kinds of texts. This will be a challenge for the teacher to find out how theRead MoreThe Jade Pendant5982 Words   |  24 Pagesdevelopment of the genre through its first decade dating from 1978 and subsequently, the next ten years to the present. The Short Story in Singapore Singapore is a cosmopolitan Asian city, unique in that there are four major language groups promoted by the government. From the very beginning, English was chosen as the language of government, law and social discourse. Being the native language of none of the ethnic groups, its choice favored none. 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Essay about Values Based Decision-Making - 1416 Words

An individuals personal, organizational, and cultural values are the foundation of their personal and professional decision-making cycle. These values form the core of that individuals moral fabric, and his actions and decisions are predicated on those beliefs. Shalom H. Schwartz defined values as conceptions of the desirable that guide the way social actors (e.g. organizational leaders, policy-makers, individual persons) select actions, evaluate people and events, and explain their actions and evaluations (Schwartz, 1999, pp. 24-25). Because values drive the way individuals select actions, this paper will outline how my personal, organizational, and cultural values affect my decision-making. Personal Values Personally, I hold†¦show more content†¦When making decisions about my personal life, it is integral that I am honest to myself and to others. An example of this would be making a decision to take a vacation. While the vacation would be enjoyable, if I did not have the funds to pay for the vacation without using credit cards, I would have to be honest with myself and my family about the monetary situation and decide against the vacation. Professionally, it is critical to be honest because without the credibility of your superiors and subordinates, you are nothing. Any dishonest act, while perhaps having short-term benefits, is likely to reduce your credibility in the eyes of others. Once you have lost this credibility and trust, it is nearly impossible to regain it. In an insightful article in the Journal of Business Ethics, D. J. Fritzsche tested the hypothesis that certain instrumental personal values such as responsibility, honesty, and broadmindedness are associated with ethical decision-making (Fritzsche, 1995). In his study, Fritzsche surveyed 750 business managers in a series of vignettes. He found that while these core values can be a yardstick for ethical decision-making, not all three values can be used generically (Fritzsche, 1995). Fritzsche concluded that different value sets promoted ethical behavior in different types of ethical dilemmas (Fritzsche, 1995). The only consistent value he found through his survey was thatShow MoreRelatedValues Based Decision-Making Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesAn individuals personal, organizational, and cultural values are the foundation of their personal and professional decision-making cycle. These values form the core of that individuals moral fabric, and his actions and decisions are predicate d on those beliefs. Shalom H. 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The main difference with the classical economic approach is that, while economists use a normative approach in describing extit{how decisions should be made} to optimise a reward function, by assuming that subjects are rational decision-makers citep{von2007theory}, behavioural economics describes extit{how decisions are actually made} by using experiments that emulate real-life decision problems citep{kahneman2000choices, todd2003bounding}Read MoreThe Ethical Decision Making Models1576 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Decision-Making Models Decision-making in the field of psychology refers to a cognitive process that results in a selection among multiple possible solutions in a situation (Colman, 2008). Decision-making is based on available information from the environment as well as intrinsic information and existing schemas (Rogerson, Gottlieb, Handelsman, Knapp Younggren, 2011). These internal schemas, along with knowledge and personal preferences, influence the decision-making process. EthicalRead MoreUnique and Complex Nature of Category 2 Decision Making Process1039 Words   |  5 PagesII decision process in nevertheless generic. Discuss The decision making process is extremely complex in case of the category II decision process. Yet, it is not generic as the circumstances and the opinions of each of the decision makers’ matters a lot. 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These key areas include the nursing values, the standards, subject ethical principles and finally the fundamental beliefs in nursing. When a reflection is made on the on the key mentioned areas, it is presumed that each of them is mainly aimed at protecting human dignity and restoring respect to patients (Bush 2007). Ethical values in nursing When looking at nursing values in regard to the subjectRead MoreThe Difference Between Professionalism And Ethics1590 Words   |  7 Pagestalks about the study of decisions and moral judgment. Ethics is the study of what should be, what is the ultimate good and how to achieve it. People have always thought that the primary purpose of business is to serve society. Business must have a society commitment otherwise businesses cannot enjoy success. It is a study of human actions in respect of being right and wrong. Ethics is an attempt to discover that ought to be. Ethics forms critique of both ultimate values and goals and the means usedRead MoreImproving Leadership Decision Making : Fear Of Lack Of Buy1045 Words   |  5 PagesImproving Leadership Decision-Making Fear of lack of buy-in. One of the most common areas of improvement for effective decision-making in times of uncertainty, is to avoid making decisions based only on the appeal to colleagues. Research shows that a fear of lack of buy-in or approval from colleagues should not be a motivator for making a decision. Examples include making decisions within the following motivators: a) decisions that will sit most comfortably with colleagues, b) be the most popular

Costing Concerns in Society Free Essays

In today’s competitive economy, the cost structure is much more complex than that of the past, and there is a lot less room for error than that allowed in the more laid back economy of the past. Today’s costing concerns arise from the growing disparity between direct and indirect product costs. American manufacturers have been pursuing a steady stream of manufacturing methods and technologies. We will write a custom essay sample on Costing Concerns in Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now The goal was simple and uniform: to reduce or eliminate direct costs. But as manufacturing has evolved, so has the structure of a product’s cost. Direct costs, such as labor, are no longer the dominant cost of a product. The cost of indirect activities such as automation, marketing, sales, engineering, and order processing have dramatically increased. Overhead has grown to become the most expensive element of product cost structure. This might not be so bad if conventional product costing systems could handle the shift in cost structure. Unfortunately, they don†t. Most conventional systems allocate overhead based on some burdened rate (direct labor hours is a good example). This was acceptable when overhead was small and direct costs were high. But in today†s automated factory, this can lead to disaster. Conventional systems report inaccurate product costs–often grossly inaccurate. Management, in turn, makes strategic decisions based on these inaccurate product costs. Traditional cost systems assume all overhead activities are consumed equally by all products relative to volume produced. Further, all costs are allocated to products because the system assumes that current output drives current overhead costs. Overhead costs are allocated to products on the basis of the product’s demand for some volume variable direct cost, usually labor hours, machine hours, or materials cost. But none of these bases individually represents the actual overhead incurred to make the product. Conventional thinking holds that the inaccuracy is not relevant because in total all costs are accounted for, and on average the relative distortion in margin reporting can not be significant. Activity based costing, by contrast, identifies what activities are performed by the overhead organization and calculates the cost incurred to perform each activity. Costs are traced to products on the basis of the individual product’s demand for these activities throughout the process of converting raw materials, energy and human enterprise into the finished article. The allocation bases used in ABC, then, are the quantifications of activities performed. These might include hours of labor or number of times handled. As already mentioned, conventional costing often leads to gross inaccuracies. This is because direct costs–especially direct labor–have been minimized by automation. At the same time, indirect costs have increased dramatically. And it†s the indirect costs that get averaged across product lines by conventional methods. To see how bad the errors can be, look at the following chart. Conventional costing says that product B has a much lower overhead cost per unit ($4.80 vs. $7.20 for Product A). But this can†t be so. Product B consumes five times as much engineering change activity as Product A. Product B should cost more to produce. What has happened here is that the conventional system has averaged overhead costs across both products. The total cost of engineering changes is divided by the total direct labor hours. The result, $2.40 per direct labor hour, is then applied to each product. This overhead averaging causes Product A to carry an unfair–and inaccurate–portion of the overhead costs. Now guess what happens when these cost figures are used in pricing. Product A will probably be overpriced for the market, and Product B will be sold for less than its true production cost. Conventional costing says that product B has a much lower overhead cost per unit ($4.80 vs. $7.20 for Product A). But this can†t be so. Product B consumes five times as much engineering change activity as Product A. Product B should cost more to produce. What has happened here is that the conventional system has averaged overhead costs across both products. The total cost of engineering changes is divided by the total direct labor hours. The result, $2.40 per direct labor hour, is then applied to each product. This overhead averaging causes Product A to carry an unfair–and inaccurate–portion of the overhead costs. Now, using the ABC concept, the costs are apportioned according to a driver, the number of engineering change orders. (ECO’s) The next graph shows the reallocation of overhead costs by the ABC method. Product B is now carrying its fair share of ECO processing costs. As would be expected, Product B actually costs five times more than Product A in terms of indirect activity consumption. As you have seen, activity based costing can offer much clearer insight into the operations of a business than the conventional method .of the past. When ABC is used as a management system, it is a powerful tool for rethinking and improving products, services, processes and a company’s market strategies. How to cite Costing Concerns in Society, Essay examples

Oceanography As Viewed From Space Essay Example For Students

Oceanography As Viewed From Space Essay Oceanography as Viewed from SpaceIntroductionAt first thought, studying the oceans from space seems to be a bizarre idea. Space observation helps oceanographers do research with manned and unmanned space systems. The space systems can be satellites and/or space shuttles that observe various features of the ocean such as sea-surface winds, sea-surface temperatures, waves, ocean currents, frontal regions, and sea color. Technological advances have greatly improved the ability of oceanographers to gather and use information that is received. Oceanography as viewed from space has and will become more and more valuable as we begin to understand more of the worlds oceans. ProjectsSpace oceanography uses a number of different sciences to research the oceans that include physics, geology, biology, chemistry, and engineering (Cracknell 13). This is evident in the projects that send satellites into space for observation of our oceans. In 1992, the Topex/Poseidon project was launched to observe the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere (Cracknell 17). The Topex/Poseidon mission is to gather information about sea level heights and ocean currents (Cracknell 17). The Topex/Poseidon orbits above the earth at 840 miles and has a 10-day repeating cycle in which it takes pictures of all of the earth (Cracknell 17). Information about the how the sea level changes can tell scientists that there are changes in ocean currents and in climate patterns (Cracknell 25). This information is valuable to both oceanographers and meteorologists because it gives information about the phenomena, El Nino. Figure 1 is a picture of how the Topex/Poseidon works. Figure 1(NASA)The Topex/Poseidon receives information as to what it is supposed to do from a beacon on earth. The satellite then gathers the information it is supposed to gather and then sends it to the beacon on earth. The beacon on earth processes this information so that scientists can use it. As the Topex/Poseidon nears the end of observation new developments are being made to continue with similar work. Jason 1 is an observation satellite that will look at extending research about the interaction of oceans with the atmosphere, improving predictions about the climate, continue to monitor El Nino, and observe ocean eddies (Cracknell 26). These satellites are leading the way to a better understanding of our oceans as well as weather on planet earth. HistoryObservations of oceanographic features with pictures were first realized with the invention of the camera (Pinet 181). Soon after the invention of the Camera, hot air balloons were used to take high altitude pictures of the land and sea, for mapping purposes (Pinet 181). In World War II, pilots took pictures of large areas of land that were used to develop strategies in the war (Pinet 181). At the beginning of the space age, just after World War II, rockets (although never in orbit) used movie cameras to photograph the surface (Pinet 182). The first manned shuttles took pictures of Earth and realized there were many observations of the oceans to be made (Pinet 182). Soon remote sensing came into action as satellites were sent into orbit (Pinet 182). Process of Remote SensingRemote Sensing involves two types of instruments, passive and active (Gautier 58). Passive instruments detect natural energy that is reflected or emitted from the Sun (Gautier 59). Scientists use a variety of passive remote sensors such as a radiometer, imaging radiometer, and spectrometer. A radiometer measures the intensity of electromagnetic radiation in a band of wavelengths in the spectrum (Gautier 59). The spectrum is a measure of the visible, infrared (heat), and microwaves emitted from the Earth (Gautier 60). An imaging radiometer has the capability to scan an area and provide pixels of an area giving more detailed images of the surface than a radiometer (Gautier 60). A spectrometer detects, measures, and analyzes the wavelengths of the spectrum using prisms to separate the colors (Gautier 61). .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac , .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac .postImageUrl , .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac , .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac:hover , .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac:visited , .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac:active { border:0!important; } .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac:active , .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc5cbadf9e3d559f289ec6cbf0fff14ac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anne Frank EssayActive instruments provide electromagnetic radiation to observe an object (Gautier 69). Satellites that use active instruments send a pulse of energy towards the object being observed, then wait for the energy to be reflected (Gautier 69). This energy is then picked up as weaker or stronger in areas, which can define what features the satellite is looking at (Gautier 70). Some active instruments are radar, scatterometer, and lidar (Gautier 71). Radar uses radio or microwaves to emit electromagnetic radiation upon an object and record the time between when the energy leaves and comes back (Gautier71). A scatterometer uses microwaves the same way as radar, bu t it can measure wind speed and direction (Gautier71). Lidar uses lasers to transmit a light source on the object being observed, they can calculate a number of elements in the atmosphere (Gautier 71). With all of this scientists are able to determine the heights of the oceans, able to predict weather patterns and the effects on the ocean. FutureUnmanned space systems are the most cost-effective way to observe the planet (Victorov 109). The human eye however, has the best ability to observe the earth in a visual perspective (Victorov 110). Humans in space play a valuable role in the observation of oceans (Victorov 111). In the future people will be permanently stationed in space stations to observe and research the earth (Victorov 111). How the satellites workSatellites that observe the surface of the earth rotate at the same speed as the earth, this enables them to take pictures from pole to pole (Victorov 123). Figure 2 is a diagram of a Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES). Figure 2(NASA)A GOES satellite rotates above the earth at 22,000 miles. The camera on the satellite sends photographs back to earth through its antenna (Robinson 34). Solar panels use the sun to produce energy, and the solar sail and trim tab keep the satellite from spinning out of orbit when the solar wind hits the satellite (Robinson 34). Ocean color can indicate a number of things to an oceanographer, such as amount of plankton, and amount of vegetation (Gautier 117). The color of the ocean changes slightly, from a bright blue to a dark blue or black (Robinson 118). These changes in color happen when plankton float freely and concentrate in areas (Robinson 119). These concentrations are called blooms and are shown off the coast of Angola in Figure 3. Figure 3The ocean color can also turn into a blue-green because of the presence of large amounts of vegetation (Robinson 124). Together, these colors can indicate to scientists the productivity of the oceans and potential for greater amounts to wildlife (Robinson 125). Figure 4 is a false color image that shows the amount of plankton in the ocean. Figure 4The microscopic plankton are the basis of the marine food web, without plankton all marine life would suffer. Thus, the importance of the information from the false color images of plankton on the earth becomes more valuable. ConclusionOceanography is a new science that will unleash a lot of new information to us on how planet earth works. Oceanography from space will be a tool for find out more about our oceans, but there are limited things it can do. It is expected that few major developments in oceanography will occur with satellites. The development of satellite oceanography will bring together ideas from all sciences to an overall understanding about oceans and earth as a whole. Science

The Canterbury Tales A View Of The free essay sample

The Canterbury Tales: A Position Of The Medieval Christian Church Essay, Research Paper Subject: English 243 Title: # 8220 ; The Canterbury Tales: A position of the Medieval Christian Church # 8221 ; In discoursing Chaucer # 8217 ; s aggregation of narratives called The Canterbury Narratives, an interesting image or illustration of the Medieval Christian Church is presented. However, while people demanded more voice in the personal businesss of authorities, the church became corrupt # 8212 ; this corruptness besides led to a more crooked society. However, there is no such thing as merely church history ; This is because the church can neer be studied in isolation, merely because it has ever related to the societal, economic and political context of the twenty-four hours. In history so, there is a two manner procedure where the church has an influence on the remainder of society and of class, society influences the church. This is of course because it is the people from a society who make up the church # 8230 ; . and those same people became the personalities that created these narratives of a pilgrimmage to Canterbury. The Christianization of Anglo-Saxon England was to take topographic point in a comparatively short period of clip, but this was non because of the success of the Augustinian attempt. Indeed, the early old ages of this mission had an ambivalency which shows in the figure of people who hedged their stakes by practising both Christian and Pagan rites at the same clip, and in the figure of people who quickly apostatized when a Christian male monarch died. There is surely no grounds for a large-scale transition of the common people to Christianity at this clip. Augustine was non the most diplomatic of work forces, and managed to antagonise many people of power and influence in Britain, non least among them the native British clerics, who had neer been peculiarly eager to salvage the psyche of the Anglo-saxons who had brought such acrimonious times to their people. In their isolation, the British Church had maintained older ways of celebrated the major festivals of Christianity, and Augustine # 8217 ; s attempt to oblige them to conform to modern Roman use merely angered them. When Augustine died ( some clip between 604 and 609 AD ) , so, Christianity had merely a unstable clasp on Anglo-Saxon England, a clasp which was limited mostly to a few in the nobility. Christian religion was to go steadfastly established merely as a consequence of Irish attempts, who from centres in Scotland and Northumbria made the common people Christian, and established on a steadfast footing the English Church. At all degrees of society, belief in a God or Gods was non a affair of pick, it was a affair of fact. Atheism was an foreigner construct ( and one dating from the 18th century ) . Populating in the in-between ages, one would come into contact with the Church in a figure of ways. First, there were the everyday church services, held daily and attended at least one time a hebdomad, and the particular festivals of Christmas, Easter, baptisms, matrimonies, etc.. In that esteem the medieval Church was no different to the modern one. Second, there were the tithes that the Church collected, normally one time a twelvemonth. Tithes were used to feed the parish priest, maintain the cloth of the church, and to assist the hapless. Third, the Church fulfilled the maps of a # 8216 ; civil service # 8217 ; and an instruction system. Schools did non be ( and were unneeded to a mostly peasant society ) , but the Church and the authorities needed work forces who could read and compose in English and Latin. The Church trained its ain work forces, and these went to assist in the authorities: authorship letters, maintaining histories and so on. The words # 8216 ; cleric # 8217 ; and # 8216 ; clerk # 8217 ; have the same beginning, and every Lord would hold at least one priest to move as a secretary. The power of the Church is frequently over-emphasized. Surely, the later mediaeval Church was rich and powerful, and that power was frequently misused # 8211 ; particularly in Europe. Bishops and archbishops were appointed without any preparation or clerical background, church offices changed custodies for hard currency, and so on. The authorization of the early medieval Church in England was no different to that of any other landholder. So, the inquiry that haunted mediaeval adult male was that of his ain redemption. The being of God was neer questioned and the heart-cry of mediaeval society was a desire to cognize God and accomplish familiarity with the Godhead. Leading a life delighting to God was the uppermost concern, and the broad diverseness of mediaeval piousness is merely because people answered the inquiry, # 8216 ; How can I best lead a sanctum life? # 8217 ; in so many different ways. Get downing with # 8220 ; The Pardoner # 8217 ; s Tale # 8221 ; , the subject of redemption is genuinely paramount. Chaucer, being one of the most of import medieval writers, utilizations this prologue and narrative to do a statement about purchasing redemption. The character of the forgiver is one of the most ugly pilgrims, apparently # 8220 ; along for the drive # 8221 ; to his following # 8220 ; gig # 8221 ; as the marketer of relics. # 8220 ; For myn entente is nat but for to winne, / And no thing for correccion of sinne, # 8221 ; admits the forgiver in his prologue. As a affair of fact, the forgiver is merely in it for the money, as evident from this transition: I wol none of the Apostles countrefete: I wold have moneye, wolle, cheese, and whete, Al were it yiven of the pooreste page, Or of the pooreste widwe in a small town # 8211 ; Al sholde hir kids sterve for dearth. Nay, I drinke licour of the vine And hold a joly wenche in every town. In his narrative, the Pardoner slips into his function as the holiest of sanctums and speaks of the dire effects of gluttony, gaming, and lechery. He cites Attila the Hun with, # 8220 ; Looke Attila, the grete conquerour, / Deide in his slumber with shame and dishonor, / Bleeding at his olfactory organ in dronkenesse # 8221 ; . The personification of the deathly wickednesss, along with his narrative of the three greedy work forces that finally perish at the custodies of their wickedness is a distinguishable medieval device. The amusing turn that Chaucer adds to the device, though, is that the Pardoner in himself is as the personification of wickedness, as is evident from the transitions of his prologue. At the decision of his narrative, the Pardoner asks, # 8220 ; Allas, mankinde, how may it bitide/ That to thy Creatour which that thee wroughte, / And with his cherished herte blood boughte, / Thou art so fals and unkinde, allas? # 8221 ; . He so goes on to offer each pilgrim a topographic point # 8230 ; for a monetary value, of class. The Pardoner # 8217 ; s topographic point in Chaucer # 8217 ; s thought of salvation becomes apparent in the epilogue of the narrative. After offering the host the first forgiveness ( # 8221 ; For he is most envoluped in sinne # 8221 ; and, purportedly, the equivalent of Chaucer ) , the host berates the forgiver, stating, # 8220 ; I wolde I hadde thy coilons in myn hond, / In stede of relikes or of saintuarye./ Lat cutte him of # 8221 ; . By this, the thought of the forgiver as the most of import adult male on the pilgrims journey is brought to fruition and Chaucer makes the chief point of this narrative: Redemption is non for sale. Another illustration of the mediaeval compulsion with salvation. However, some did non accept this and questioned the church # 8212 ; It was what they wanted other than # 8220 ; a holy life with a Old-Testament God # 8221 ; ; That manner of thought evenually lead to a # 8220 ; more gentle, mother-figure # 8221 ; as a goddess # 8212 ; The Cult of the Virgin. The high inquiry so becomes, # 8220 ; Why would people alter from a durable, Old-Testament God to a mother-like goddess? The reply is merely because they thought their # 8220 ; new found Goddess # 8221 ; would neer be as harsh on people as the frequently criticized male like facet of God. In both current Catholicity and that of the mediaeval period, Mary is worshipped with more ardor than even God or Jesus. Church after church was ( and still is ) erected in her name. Her similitude graced statues and stained glass with as much frequence as Jesus # 8217 ; bloody caput. The worship of Mary is ardent, institutionalised, and approved of by the Christian church. Is she non a goddess? Mary merely took the topographic point of the female facets of the spirit that were one time worshipped as Roman or Anglo-Saxon goddesses. The mediaeval period, stretching about from the late seventh century to the early sixteenth, was bound together under one changeless # 8211 ; Roman Catholic Christianity. But beneath this # 8220 ; drape of Christianity # 8221 ; many fables were being formed and passed down, as old heathen traditions became assimilated into a freshly Christian society. The two spiritual signifiers were going intertwined. They seemed at this clip to be tolerant of each other, non wholly distinguishable. A peoples wonts and thought procedures are non easy changed, and being that the Anglo-saxons of Britain were non Christians until the mid-600 # 8217 ; s, a period of passage can be expected. At least, a captivation with their heathen ascendants existed, at most, the pattern of the old ways. Examples of a captivation with charming, idolizing more than one god-like figure, and a go oning love for idolizing goddesses, exist in many texts written in this period. Yet, this does non intend that every small town had a sorceress in their thick, but literature normally reflects the society within which it emerges. At the clip of The Canterbury Tales, many of a people who were Christians officially, politically, and in most instances at bosom, saw that there were elements of pagan religion and black magic which is tolerated and respected. The society in which Chaucer writ es these narratives is Christian every bit good, politically and spiritually # 8211 ; could it be that they tolerated and respected pagan religion and thaumaturgy? Possibly the separation of the two is non necessary and was non complete at this point in clip. Not merely was magic a heathen tradition that persisted throughout the Middle Ages..another tradition, altering at the clip, reflected the passage from idolizing the unobserved forces in the universe as many Gods, to one, omnipotent God. Although the people were Christians, they took the separation of religious powers far beyond the creative activity the Trinity. The specific powers or accent given to each saint carries on even into today # 8217 ; s Catholic tradition. The mediaeval period may hold had some of this ( although many of the saints were non even born yet # 8230 ; ) but in their literature, many immortal and powerful animals are found. This signifier of Paganism existed in Britain of the Middle ages, full of religious existences, full of thaumaturgy, alive with celestial power bing on Earth. It has been the nature of the Christian work forces in power through the ages to, for fright, deny their people the cognition of the un-Christian profusion in their lineage, and so the traditions that were non masked as Christian are lost to pupils of Christian history and literature. But it seems this period had non seen such extended favoritism. The two ways of the universe were non rather so separate so, and affairs of the supernatural were non yet labeled as immorality. This once more implies that possibly the two signifiers of spiritual thought do non hold to be wholly separate. There are strong similarities for them to co-occur and complement each other, and for an full people seeking to do the Christian passage, possibly this complementing was necessary. However, the age of forceful patriarchate and witch-burning would non come about for several hundred old ages. Each new manner of taking a # 8220 ; holy life # 8221 ; was thought to be increasingly more acceptable to God by its advocates than the 1s that had gone earlier. Such # 8216 ; new ways # 8217 ; were usually inspired by a desire to interrupt away from the corruptness and sophistication which was percieved in the older or more established signifiers of Godly populating. These new ways frequently became corrupt themselves and over clip breaking awaies from them were hailed as a newer and more perfect manner of following God. This roller-coaster drive of corruptness and reform is fundamentally the narrative of popular medieval faith as adult male battled to specify and detect what it truly meant to be a Christian. In an attempt to get away persecution, but to besides fly the immorality, prevalent in the universe and to seek God free from many # 8216 ; worldly # 8216 ; distractions, monastics began to piece as communities of Christians. These communities, although they had small organisation, were regarded as possessing the best Christian life by holding a lone, ascetic, celibate being where the # 8216 ; universe # 8216 ; had been wholly renounced and had been wholly replaced with celestial contemplation. These # 8216 ; new # 8216 ; sufferer were normally merely called monastics: theirs was a life of day-to-day martyrdom as they invariably died to self and lived wholly for God. The monastics paid peculiar fear to the physical remains of the sufferer ( relics ) and were hence connected to the sufferer who they replaced. The rise of ascetic monasticism and relic worship nevertheless was rather controversial # 8212 ; Both the worship of relics and ascetic monasticism nevertheless became pillars of this Medieval faith, and the thought that monastics were a new signifier of sufferer persisted over clip. Both monastics every bit good as sufferers were looked upon as holy work forces. In associating this lone universe to readers, there is besides a monastic in Chaucer # 8217 ; s work # 8212 ; He is person who combined godliness and sophistication into a profitable and comfy life. He was the outrider or the individual in charge of the outlying belongings # 8230 ; .which lead him to bask hunting, all right nutrients, and having several Equus caballuss. Monks renounced all their secular properties and by taking vows of poorness, celibacy and obeisance, joined a community of monastics. Their lives were spent in communal worship, devotional reading, supplication and manual labor all under the authorization of the archimandrite of the cloistered house. Particular monastics frequently had peculiar jobs- the cellarer or the infirmarer for illustration, and these like every facet of cloistered life were laid down in the # 8216 ; Rule # 8217 ; . Monks were about ever of baronial extraction ( one had to hold wealth in order to give it up ) but could besides be given to the monastery as kids ( called oblates ) to be brought up as monastics. Hindsight has blurred our vision of the Medieval monastic and the consequence is that the modern Christian mentality has condemned him for his selfish escape from the universe and for his evident disregard of those who needed Christ outside of the religious residence. The Medieval mentality was really different. The monastery was an built-in portion of the local community # 8212 ; it likely owned most of the farming land in the area- and the lucks of the people in any country were bound up with the spiritualty of its cloistered house. The monastics were on the front line of the religious battle-it was they who did conflict in supplication for their community, who warded off Satans and devils and who prayed indefatigably for the redemption of the psyche of those in their community. Rather than being the cowards of Christianity unable to take the strain of populating a Christian life in the existent universe, the monastics were similar religious stormtroopers interceeding for an country against its supernatural enemies in mudh the same manner as a local Godhead in his palace protected an country against its physical enemies. The people gave gifts to both Godhead and archimandrite in return for a service. The Pardoner besides represents the tradition of religion # 8212 ; in regard to the church of his clip. The Pardoner is representative of the seamy side of the corrupt church and a broken or twisted ( if you will ) religion. The religion of a bureaucratism, which is what the church had become. The Pardoner was a church functionary who had the authorization to forgive those who had sinned by selling forgivenesss and indulgences to them. Although, the Pardoner was a church functionary, he was clearly in the # 8220 ; church # 8221 ; concern for economic grounds. The Pardoner, a oblique and slightly doubtful person had one end: Get the most money for forgivenesss by about any agencies of coercion necessary. A distorted and dry head, has fundamentally defined himself through his work for a likewise corrupt church. In contrast, the Plowman has nil but a apparently unsophisticated and untwisted religion. The Plowman has the religion of a hapless husbandman, uncomplicated by the bureaucratism of the church. The Pardoner is likely on this journey because he is being required to travel by the church or he sees some kind of economic addition from this ocean trip, most probably from selling forgiveness to the other pilgrims. The Plowman on the other manus is likely on this ocean trip because of his earnestness and religion in its intent. While this was the narrative of faith at # 8216 ; grass-roots # 8217 ; degree, at the organizational and hierarchal degree, the church developed along a different line. It became more organized, more bureaucratic, more legal, more centralised and fundamentally more powerful on a European graduated table. This procedure was spearheaded by the pontificate and reached its pinnacle under Pope Innocent III in the early thirteenth Century. He embodied what became known as the # 8216 ; apostolic monarchy # 8217 ; # 8211 ; a state of affairs where the Catholic Popes literally were male monarchs in their ain universe. The comparative importance of religious and secular power in the universe was a changeless inquiry in the in-between ages with both secular emperors and male monarchs, and the Catholic Popes asseverating their claims to govern by godly authorization with God # 8217 ; s bids for God # 8217 ; s people continuing out of their oral cavities. The power of the church is difficult to overstate: its economic and political influence was immense, as its wealth, motions like the campaigns, and even the figure of churches that exist from this period genuinely demo its illustriousness. By the early tenth century, a unusual unease seems to hold entered the English church. There are remarks from this clip of a diminution in larning among clerics and an addition in a love for things of this earthly universe. Even more of these slack criterions had begun a diminution in the power construction of the church which included a lessening in acceptable behaviour amongst clerics and a turning usage of church establishments by laic people as a agency of hedging revenue enhancements. Christianity affected all work forces in Europe at every degree and in every manner. Such distances nevertheless, led to much diverseness and the defining of Medieval faith into a land of contrasts. One can besides see how adult male # 8217 ; s feelings of utmost wickedness and desire for God are rather apparent in these narratives. Still, we are told that history repetitions itself because cipher listens to it, but more realistically history repetitions itself because adult male is basically the same from one coevals to the following. He has the same aspirations, frights and defects ; yet the manner that these are expressed differs from age to age. This is why each period of history is different. The fact that adult male is the same yet different is what makes the survey of the people who formed the mediaeval church straight applicable to Christians # 8217 ; lives and experiences today. Back to School Sucks